Gotfried Coenraad Ernst Van Daalen

Gotfried Coenraad Ernst "Frits" van Daalen (23 March 1863 – 22 February 1930) was an Indo (Eurasian) Lieutenant General of the Royal Dutch East Indies Army who served in the Dutch East Indies. He was also the appointed Governor of Aceh from 1905 until 1908.

Biography

Van Daalen was named after his Dutch father ''Gotfried Coenraad Ernst (Frits) van Daalen'' (born in 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands 23 July 1836 and died in Surabaya, 13 May 1889), also a famous, decorated KNIL officer and veteran of the Aceh War, who was discharged from service as a consequence of a scandal where he publicly offended the Governor-General of the colony.

As a young officer in the rank of Lieutenant and Captain Van Daalen was awarded several prestigious military distinctions for proven bravery. He first became ''Knight of the Military William Order'' in 1890, was awarded the ''Honorary Sabre'' by the Dutch monarch in 1897, followed by becoming an ''Officer of the Military Willem Order'' in 1898.

Although notorious due to his controversial approach during the final phases of the protracted Aceh War and his consequent conflicts with both Van Heutsz and Snouck Hurgronje, he was appointed ''Governor of Aceh'' between 1905 and 1908.

He was eventually promoted to the highest rank of ''Luitenant-generaal'' in 1909 and became Commander of the KNIL in 1910, before retiring and repatriating in 1914.

The Van Daalen Campaign Controversy

Van Daalen's "Gajo-, Alas-, and Batak Campaign" of the Aceh War in 1904 is mostly remembered for his hard crack down of the last Acehnese and Batak pockets of resistance. Van Daalen's force included 10 European officers, 13 European non-commissioned officers and 208 Javanese and Ambonese military police officers (Dutch: Marechaussee). Particularly the battle at ''Koetö Réh'', built by the Alas people, stood out, as the rebels refused to surrender and the death toll of 561 fighters included 189 women and 59 children. During the 1904 campaign, van Daalen lost 12 men, and caused the death of at least 2,922 civilians including at least 1,149 women and children.

The press reported on the death toll, and later published images of the brutal warfare in Aceh shocking Dutch public opinion. Heavy critique from the Dutch House of Representatives called for an investigation into the alleged atrocities and damaged the KNIL's overall prestige. In the heated debate Van Daalen himself was compared to the Iron Duke of Alba, a notoriously harsh and cruel ruler from Dutch national history. During the investigation, van Daalen turned in his resignation. Although absolved from any crimes, Van Daalen's reputation remained stained and all his subsequent promotions were therefore contentious. After the investigation, van Daalen re-enlisted.

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret van officier G.C.E. Van Daalen en officiëren tijdens de militaire expeditie naar de Gayo- en Alaslanden in Atjeh Noord-Sumatra TMnr 10014106.jpg, Van Daalen (second from the left) and four of his senior officers during the ''"Gajo-, Alas-, and Batak Campaign"'', 1904.
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret van de marechaussee met overste Van Daalen bij de vermoorde inwoners van de versterkte kampong Koeto Reh TMnr 60009090.jpg, The infamous photograph of the ''Koetö Réh'' rebel stronghold in Alasland after the KNIL troops destroyed it, that swayed Dutch public opinion against Van Daalen's hard approach during the final stages of the Aceh War.

See also

*Aceh War
*Kuta Reh massacre
*Alas people
*Gayonese people
* Henricus Marinus Neeb
*Mỹ Lai massacre

References

External links

Online biography

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daalen, Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van
1863 births
1930 deaths
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army generals
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army officers
Dutch people of Indonesian descent
Dutch war crimes
Indo people
Knights Commander of the Military Order of William
People from Makassar